What provides evidence thate tel3yn2la h -+hpt9* all life on Earth evolved from the same population of cehe3pl 2nt -th9 l+eay*lls?

  Identify the correct8+ikx ou;c4pa row in the table regarding the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments dispro3g.mg ycdf0v9 o4o-il ved spontaneous generation?

  Which type of isotopes are commonly used in absolutec- eaabhf5e-8 dating of fossils?

  Which of the following statements are reasons tn r)s or64y0,) lg)btgi/ddq 9zvs/s ghat RNA is believed to be the first genetic madsr l ngi)0, )tg/9bqovy rsz4/s 6dg)terial?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows t; uzr/nv1.z ihhe apparatus used in the experiments conducted by Miller and Ur.uzn 1;rhvz/ iey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th centurr;v wn-c2cm(x y, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those fown r(m2xcv -c;und in living organisms, could only be produced through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the followingizqo5 arl;uh8s5 r8b5 is not evidence to support that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have emerged at hydrothermal ven5obau;is8ql5z 5r8h rts?

Researchers carried out a similar experiment to Louis wjzidy02cvsb 2/ 8pm3c5ux(8s8p nzu Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving spontaneous generation, using the dsc 5 jm80 pszc2 z2i(bx 8p/vwu3nu8yset up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous exwdr. 2vf0si) yperiments disproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into various flav 0si w)r.f2ydsks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram of Euglena t.vn16nmpo:p a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out all the funcn :npompv.t 61tions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.