Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

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习题练习：Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, it iste5j0lm f4b7p possible to pro m l54pbjt0ef7duce

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of a proton o/jipyk:3z b/is $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to eyv 55rki6l(jj lectric charge, env5yjj ki(l r65ergy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 9 q- o:lkcr,)b08nbnr4doxjband another particle. What other particle is produce 0qr)xobnbnc4krbd 8-lo, j :9d by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kinetic eo +kytt;f 0 3ds;mvcp,nergy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to n) scbsn; c4djv(1t;-z(pyggbe endothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium spgz-1c 0h0d0 zg78 it dvirib1hb(jhb9lits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a neuirj1-g09t (8gh7z0bdidh01vbcz h bi tron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which small nuclei combine to form largeznfo : 6)tld-rkk:/vp r ones is referred to asf n okz: rk-lv)t/6:dp

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission bq*lix en-d11 mivdj4r**e 63cwr0upreaction compare tonlevii 30pmecr4 u*6qrd1xb- dj 1* *w the mass of the original elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reaction compajeab4; s5a 3nrre to the mass of the original elementsbra3s ea;5jn 4?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When light elements su :8zrddb 5ajrrj+am73ch as hydrogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fission jp*,tgh) kx 8 oeih04dis

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of biy +i0of:q(5(oeb k bcah 34othe Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The energy radiated by a star, si-dau)(;,g7 acf(ulg g b xfi0+l kcx,uch as the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the source of the energy the Sun radiatek dqnkuh;ewif,ctk)s qzxcf; 4 ,-.0 0s to us?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bomqi-9vowjgh6r(m 6se3 b and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One sometimes hears refp2zknq,1.xz qnm u(:la4 h ;cj v*rv:zerence to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the meaning of the term "critical mass"*f/nhi*ncz v 2l+- hyn?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A chain reaction can ocp +au,km/k0r zcur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells i l5l3(p, 0b (e1de g3hkloxgjss

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is necessary to stop betambeaw+0 rs4k v(a3f+b particles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is created in pair l hpa51g+yzf k 3yr79lproduction?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

All of the following are unitspe(yg /7lc0 (f4ki*;b hyyee2tby4ic used to describe radiation dosage in humans excepy0l (h7eycb4iyefctb4 kp(2 y ge;i/* t

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A unit that measures the effective dose of radiation in a human is thetfz k1.+b7 fds

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When lead-207 (Z = 82) is xpgx+h(j4yf; bombarded with neutrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the fission react;lfsq) d1 es/pion $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear r pp: z*ld:kw86)xkq xyeaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the followingwebti/n;ym xw - a4f 8.z1eow( nuclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear reactionrti7cu.t0 +as: pniw1uc ck,8: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following n jo.ef1: c)o utucy,r0uclear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nucleuf7erxy9295 ,)8sx 7jj xc.hf.hod b8tuhb eyar reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's thres/ lpa x .es6j41.cwxwhhold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary tj p.eaxhc6. w4s1xw/larget nucleus?

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of t t;b qkj4/a5x2ddcrqm.r7 v o1he following reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the fon j v9w0t ke1-:qlouxd:mnc5l ;mpb.;llowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the Q value for the followingt +kaboa t*a n ijvoq0ct7b gh+061ipn51 x-0d reaction? $^{7} Li \;+\; ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He \;+\; ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy of karxfs8 4n mw33u55nszob345 y f fnw:ii2f2q reaction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following1o pst- 14 qjiowqxy26i)agk) rk-jst)o4q 1ai 216 qi x)pwgyoeaction? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes af e.q icfx.2r t1*ov9:dj( wlrn average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. Whatftf.92do i v r*:ec1xj wl.q(r is the total dose the technician receives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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